my gadget

This is my Sony PSP.. I bought it 6 months ago with my friend.

The price only RM 710. To release my tensions I just play my PSP.. it is really fun.

I can do many things besides playing games for examples listening to musics,

wacthing movies, looks at pictures, surf the web..

I love my PSP..

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES & THE MODERN ORGANIZATION

Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access

Why I choose this topic?

I choose Wireless Technologies and the Modern Organization as my favorite topic because I can learn many new things about wireless computer networks and Internet access such as what Bluetooth can do and why we need Bluetooth as a medium to transfers file or something else. There are many things I can know and learn from this topic besides Bluetooth likes Ultra-wideband (UWB), Near-field communications (NFC), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Wireless Broadband and many mores.
By reading this book I can get more knowledge and useful information about technology. From here I release that we need this kind of technologies in our daily life because it can improve our life to be better and comfortable. This topic encourages me to study very hard in IL subject to get “A” in final exam.

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices, creating wireless personal area networks (PANs). The intent behind the development of Bluetooth was the creation of a single digital wireless protocol, capable of connecting multiple devices and overcoming problems arising from synchronization of these devices. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency hopping spread spectrum. It chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 75 different frequencies. It can achieve a gross data rate of 1 Mb/s. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones, telephones, laptops, personal computers, printers, GPS receivers, digital cameras, and video game consoles over a secure, globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency bandwidth.

Uses of Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a standard and communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth enables these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. The devices use a radio communications system, so they do not have to be in line of sight of each other, and can even be in other rooms, as long as the received transmission is powerful enough.

Thursday, 4 September 2008, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used in home networks, mobile phones, video games and more. In particular, it covers the various technologies. Wi-Fi technologies are supported by nearly every modern personal computer operating system and most advanced game consoles, printers, and other peripherals. The purpose of Wi-Fi is to hide complexity by enabling wireless access to applications and data, media and streams. The main aims of Wi-Fi are the following:

a) Make access to information easier
b) Ensure compatibility and co-existence of devices
c) Eliminate cabling and wiring
d) Eliminate switches, adapters, plugs, pins and connectors

A Wi-Fi enabled device such as a PC, game console, mobile phone, MP3 player or PDA can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet. The coverage of one or more interconnected access points called a hotspot can comprise an area as small as a single room with wireless-opaque walls or as large as many square miles covered by overlapping access points. Wi-Fi technology has served to set up mesh networks, for example, in London. Both architectures can operate in community networks.
In addition to restricted use in homes and offices, Wi-Fi can make access publicly available at Wi-Fi hotspots provided either free of charge or to subscribers to various providers. Organizations and businesses such as airports, hotels and restaurants often provide free hotspots to attract or assist clients. Enthusiasts or authorities who wish to provide services or even to promote business in a given area sometimes provide free Wi-Fi access. Wi-Fi also allows connectivity in peer-to-peer (wireless ad-hoc network) mode, which enables devices to connect directly with each other. This connectivity mode can prove useful in consumer electronics and gaming applications.

Thursday, 4 September 2008, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi

WIRELESS BROADBAND

Wireless Broadband is a fairly new technology that provides high-speed wireless internet and data network access over a wide area.
According to the standard, broadband means having instantaneous bandwidth greater than around 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1.5 Mbit/s. This means that Wireless Broadband features speeds roughly equivalent to wired broadband access, such as that of ADSL or a cable modem.

Technology and Speed

Few WISPs provide download speeds of over 100 Mbit/s; most broadband wireless access services are estimated to have a range of 50 km (30 miles) from a tower. Technologies used include LMDS and MMDS, as well as heavy use of the ISM bands and one particular access technology is being standardized by IEEE 802.16, also known as WiMAX. WiMAX is highly popular in Europe but has not met full acceptance in the United States because cost of deployment does not meet return on investment figures. In 2005 the Federal Communications Commission adopted a Report and Order that revised the FCC’s rules to open the 3650 MHz band for terrestrial wireless broadband operations. On November 14, 2007 the Commission released Public Notice DA 07-4605 in which the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau announced the start date for licensing and registration process for the 3650-3700 MHz band.

Initially, Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) were only found in rural areas not covered by cable or DSL. These early WISPs would employ a high-capacity T-carrier, such as a T1 or DS3 connection, and then broadcast the signal from a high elevation, such as at the top of a water tower. To receive this type of Internet connection, consumers mount a small dish to the roof of their home or office and point it to the transmitter. Line of sight is usually necessary for WISPs operating in the 2.4 and 5GHz bands with 900MHz offering better NLOS performance.
Wireless broadband technologies also include new services from companies such as Verizon, Sprint, and AT&T Mobility, which allow a more mobile version of this broadband access. Consumers can purchase a PC card, laptop card, or USB equipment to connect their PC or laptop to the Internet via cell phone towers. This type of connection would be stable in almost any area that could also receive a strong cell phone connection. These connections can cost more for portable convenience as well as having speed limitations in all but urban environments.

Thursday, 4 September 2008, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless broadband

Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamad towered over his country's politics for more than two decades.

While his colourful reputation abroad stemmed from frequent barbed comments about the West and his scant regard for human rights, his authoritarian but essentially pragmatic policies at home won him much popular support and helped transform Malaysia into an Asian economic tiger. During the process he turned himself into one of Asia's longest-serving leader, and when he retired in October he had been in office for 22 years.Throughout his rule Dr Mahathir, 77, took a tough stand against those who opposed him or threatened his power. Anwar Ibrahim, once his deputy and heir apparent, is still serving a jail sentence he began in 1998 after the prime minister abruptly dismissed him from his cabinet post and accused him of sodomy and corruption.

More recently, Dr Mahathir was accused of using the US-led war on terrorism as an excuse to neutralize Islamic political opponents at home. Scores of suspected militants have been arrested without trial under the much criticized Internal Security Act. In the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks Dr Mahathir offered his full support and cooperation to the United States and projected himself as a moderate spokesman for the Muslim world. But he was furious when he himself was subjected to rigorous security checks at a US airport. He said American "anti-Muslim hysteria" had led to him being treated like a terrorist. And he said the attacks on Afghanistan and then Iraq could degenerate into a campaign against the developing world as a whole.

Favouring Malays

Since Dr Mahathir became prime minister in 1981, government patronage and positive ethnic discrimination in employment and higher education have created a Malay middle class, including some billionaires. But the ethnic Chinese minority is still seen as having disproportionate wealth, and the prime minister has frequently accused his fellow Malays (or Bumiputras - "sons of the soil") of being complacent and unwilling to work hard.

"I feel disappointed", Dr Mahathir said before he stepped down, "because I have achieved too little in my principal task of making my race a successful race, a race that is respected." Mahathir Mohamad's political career began in 1946, when at the age of 21 he joined the newly founded nationalist organisation United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He studied medicine at the University of Malaya and for seven years ran a private medical practice in his home state of Kedah.

"Dr M", as he is popularly known, became an UMNO member of parliament in 1964.

But in 1969 he lost his seat and was expelled from the party after releasing an open letter attacking the then Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, for neglecting the Malay community. Exiled to the political wilderness, he developed his ideas in a controversial book entitled The Malay Dilemma. He wrote that the Malays had been marginalize during the colonial era and castigated them for apathetically accepting their second-class status.

Anti-colonialist rhetoric

It set the tone for future attacks on Western neo-colonialists and others he sees as bent on subjugating Malaysia and threatening its success. The Malay Dilemma struck such a chord with younger UMNO leaders that he was invited back into the party, re-elected to parliament in 1974, and appointed minister of education. Within four years he had become deputy leader of UMNO, and in 1981 he became prime minister. Dr Mahathir set about putting his ideas into practice, following the example set by Japan, transforming Malaysia from an exporter of rubber and tin into a manufacturer of electronic equipment, steel and cars. Defending Asian and Malaysian values, he criticized what he called Western double standards and won a following among developing countries.

His prestige projects to boost national pride included the world's tallest building - the Petronas Towers - and the transformation of a palm oil plantation near the capital into the world's first "Multimedia Super Corridor" - a cyber powerhouse intended to rival California's Silicon Valley. With the onset of the Asian economic crisis in 1997, Dr Mahathir refused to accept that his grandiose schemes were partly to blame for Malaysia's massive debt. Instead he blamed foreign currency traders, including the financier George Soros, for what he termed a worldwide Jewish conspiracy. Malaysia emerged relatively unscathed from the Asian financial crisis after Dr Mahathir defied the International Monetary Fund, introducing controversial currency controls which effectively isolated his country from the global economy.

But relations with the West have continued to fluctuate. In June this year Dr Mahathir described Westerners - or more particularly "Anglo-Saxon Europeans" -- as proponents of "war, sodomy and genocide". Days before he resigned, he angered several foreign governments and Jewish groups by claiming the a Jewish cabal "ruled the world".